What is psychological distress?

Psychological distress is a common mental health problem in the community. It is a state of emotional suffering typically characterized by symptoms of depression (e.g., lost interest; sadness; hopelessness) and anxiety (e.g., restlessness; feeling tense).

In medical term psychological distress is some form of neurological defect responsible for the disordered thinking and behavior, and requires medical treatment and care.

Anger or irritability, anxiety and exhaustion are typical states of psychological distress, as well as the tendency to devalue and an inclination to isolate, stay away, not engaging in activities with others. Experience these symptoms for two weeks may be a sign of distress.
What is psychological distress?

Vegetarian diet

The vegetarian diet is defined as one avoiding all animal flesh, including fish and poultry. Vegetarian diets go back many millennia. Until 50 years ago, in Western countries the common vegetarian eating patterns involved avoidance of animal flesh at a minimum, and most adherents’ motivations were religious or moral.

Vegetarians who avoid flesh but do eat animal products, such as cheese, milk, and eggs, are ovo-lacto-vegetarians (ovo = egg; lacto = milk and cheese). Those who eschew all animal products are referred to as pure vegetarians or vegans.

Semi-vegetarian is a person who eats eggs, dairy and occasionally meat or seafood. While pollo-vegetarian is a person who avoids eating red meat and fish, but who eats eggs, airy and poultry.

Vegetarian diet has been shown to be associated with a lower risk of virtually every chronic disease. For example vegetarians are nearly 50 percent less likely to die from heart disease than non-vegetarians.

The vegetarian diet has also been shown to reduce one’s chances of developing diabetes, osteoporosis or high blood pressure or forming kidney stones or gallstones.

Vegetarian also has been shown are less at risk for various cancers than the average American. They are also less often afflicted with digestive-system disorders such as constipation.
Vegetarian diet

Leisure activity

Leisure activity is the event which could fulfill personal needs during the leisure time, ‘an action performed by an individual that can satisfy the individual’s own wants’. It consists of a range of activities which are not considered essential to survival and have traditional been seen as leisure activities - such as the playing of games and sport, socializing or engaging in the arts or entertainment.

Parkes (2006) defined leisure as, ‘Leisure is not for work and everyday routine. Leisure activity is often considered to represent physical activity levels’.

Leisure is time that is one’s own, free of obligation – time that potentially provides the opportunity for true play.

Adults may seldom create the elaborate fantasy worlds that young children do, but they certainly can lose themselves in intrinsically motivating activities, whether they are envisioning themselves as superstars on the tennis courts or playing around with offbeat ideas as they lie by the swimming pool. If play basically a state of in adults, like children are capable of playing.

In addition to exercise and structured sports, physical activity can also be categorized as active leisure, which includes any volitional activity that results in energy expenditure undertaken during one’s free time.

In Western society the single leisure activity which involves most people and absorbs most leisure time is watching televisions, with more than 90 percent of the population typically watching for an average of 2-3 hours a day.
Leisure activity 

Play and work: the difference

What is the difference between play and work?  Play is children and work is for adult.  These common sense definitions contain an element of truth.

However, developmentalists define play as activity that is enjoyable and absorbing, is intrinsically motivated (done for sheer enjoyment doing to rather than to achieve some practical goal), and has an unrealistic or ‘pretendlike’ quality.

Through play, infants and toddlers experiment with and learn about the physical attributes of their surroundings. Even in the early grades new learning materials are often introduced by letting children freely play with them for a while.

By contrasts, work is goal –directed activity that is aimed toward producing something of use or contributing to subsistence. It is an effort directed at some goal other than enjoyment taken in the experience of putting forth the effort.

Work and play seem to differ further in that a threshold level of effort must be put forth before an activity is properly called work, whereas play either involves a much lower threshold of effort or none at all.

But perhaps because play is commonly viewed as childish and frivolous, people tend to describe adults as engaging in ‘leisure activity’.
Play and work: the difference 

Anaerobic exercise

With anaerobic exercise, ATP is needed quickly to perform an activity. It is defined as a physical motion intense in power and strength, yet short in duration. Anaerobic activities do not depend on oxygen metabolism at all because the exercise intensity is high and the duration is less than 2 or 3 minutes.

Theoretically, anaerobic activity is the type of movement or exercise used in the ‘fight’ response. Anaerobic exercise (e.g. resistance training, sprint training) increases and help maintain lean body mass, which is the most metabolically active tissue in the body.

Anaerobic energy systems are of two major types. The immediate energy system is used for high-intensity activities that last less than 30 seconds, such as running the 100-meter dash or lifting heavy weights. Here, the muscles use ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) supplies at are already stored in the muscles, which last only 1 to 10 seconds.

The lactic acid system is a second source of energy for anaerobic activities. This system generates ATP for high-intensity activities lasting from 30 seconds to 3 minutes, such as the 400-meter or 800 meter run, which continues after the ATP-CP system for approximately 5 to 6 minutes.

Lactic acid has an incredibly fatiguing effect on muscle contraction. Because the full redistribution of blood takes 4 to 6 minutes, depending on the condition of the individual, initial oxygen supply is minimal at best.
Anaerobic exercise

What is sprint exercise?

Sprint exercise consists of short periods of maximal contractile activity against low resistance. A competitive 50 m swim is a sprint exercise.

It is characterized by high velocity, high power output contractions over relatively short periods of time.

Sprint exercise has been shown to promote endurance-like adaptations and increase the muscle power; however, a single bout of sprint exercise is of very short duration and performed with maximal or close to a maximal efforts, common characteristics of a more growth-promoting stimulus such as resistance exercise.

Sprint exercise increases heart rate to compensate for the increased need for blood flow to sprinting muscles. Sprinting brings the heart rate to near its maximum speed. Over time, sprint training can increase the maximum heart rate, allowing the person to work out more efficiently.
What is sprint exercise?

What is life?

What is life?
The question is simple but the answer requires deep thinking.

At one glance, it may look as if life is just time spent between birth and death. Beyond that, we have no idea what the source of our origin was and what our destiny will be.

Who can measure the infinity of time? Life is the interval between birth and death. The journey of the universe is eternal.

This is the only life we know, the rest is mystery for eternity. Now it all depends on us as to how and how long to live.

When a human being is born, internal body, with certain exceptions, is clean and able to live for 100 years.

After years of living unwisely, we cut short our journey of life. Life is meant for living for a long span.

But modern life cycle has created many disease, stressful living, tension in society and unhappiness in the end. Due to these artificially created problems, we are not able to live as it should be.
What is life?

The meaning of ageing

Increasing longevity is one of the primary drivers of population aging. As life expectancy increases, more people will survive to the oldest ages.

Human age is measured in years, in other words, how many times the earth has been round the sun since human were born. A good definition of ageing may be taken as a progressive overall deterioration of different parts of the body that starts after a particular age.

On any given day the degeneration is a sub-clinical addition, but the process is relentless. According to journal Biogerontology, ageing is ‘The progressive failing ability of the body’s own intrinsic and genetic powers to defend, maintain and repair itself in order to keep on working efficiently’.

It is a natural process, a cultural, social and physiological phenomenon that is becoming more fully understood owing to active, multidisciplinary research in the field.

Ageing people undergo sensory and cognitive changes. Their hearing and their sight are gradually impaired. They may also have difficulties in remembering recent events.

Loss is the most recognizable feature of ageing, whether it be memory, hearing or hair. As people age, maintenance and management of these losses becomes increasingly important and this the most practical way to slow ageing.
The meaning of ageing

General Definition of Obesity

General Definition of Obesity
Obesity is generally defined as the abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue to the extent that health may be impaired.

Measuring the level of adipose tissue and determining when it is likely to affect health is not an easy task.

Quantification of adipose tissue mass can be achieved by a number of laboratory methods including underwater body density measurement and body fat content estimated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometer.

In addition, the development of new techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), has provided researchers with the opportunities to describe human adiposity in more detail.

However, most of these methods require costly equipment meaning that there is limited to clinical research setting.

In large scale population surveys and clinical/public health screening, an index of body weight adjusted for stature is commonly used as a surrogate for body fat content.

These indices are defined as different combinations of weight and height, such as weight divided by height or are defined as weight expressed as a percentage of mean weight divide by height or are defined as weight expressed as a percentage of mean weight for a given height and sex.

The most widely used in Quetelet’s index, better known as body mass index (BMI), which is body weight (kg) divided by height squared (meter square). This index has been shown to correlate weakly with height and strongly with body fatness in adults.

Determining the weight status status and level of adiposity in children and adolescent is even more problematical.

This is a stage of rapid growth and development.

During growth in childhood and adolescence, not only does height increase but body composition changes as well, thus classification of obesity according to a single measure is difficult.

In addition, international or regional weight status standards for children and adolescents may be less reliable as the age of onset of puberty and its associated physical changes often varies between different countries, ethnic groups or cultures.
General Definition of Obesity